asumsi - Average reading speed: 300wpm[1]; Average word per page: 400words[2
mungkin bisa dicounter dengan tidak fokus/konsentrasinya orang dewasa ini dengan gadget (check email, check twitter, check facebook, sms), sehingga kadang udah lupa apa di baca dan bisa balik lagi ke awal bab sebelum di lanjutkan....
selain itu, ada nilai sosial juga sih dengan bertukar-tukaran buku. kalau tuker2an buku kan bisa nyelipin surat cinta kayak di pelem2... eh ketemu jodoh "priceless" kalau kata bankciti heheheh...
On Fri, Sep 30, 2011 at 8:02 AM, armely meiviana <ameiviana@gmail.com> wrote:
Kawan2 GL,
Di bawah ini ada hitung2an menarik utk perbandingan emisi menggunakan IPad & Buku. saya salin dari sebuah catatan di facebook (tentu saja sdh seijin yg punya :-) )
nah, pengen tahu...apa pendapat kawan2 di milis tentang pendapat di bawah ini? :-)
HOW CLIMATE FRIENDLY IS IPAD: READING 100 BOOKS WITH IPAD VS ON PAPER?
http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150286641601314
In response (or should I say in defense - since I own an ipad) to the twitter question on "emission from reading 100 books with ipad versus on paper", I tried to do a calculation with assumption using data taken from web research (sources are listed at the end of the note).
My conclusion is, emission from reading 100 printed books=5.5 times of reading with ipad (assuming a book is read only once and Ipad can only be used for reading 100 books), with details:
- Emission of reading 100 books in ipad is 1.49 kg CO2e (from electricity) and 91 kg CO2e (from production)
- Emission of reading 100 printed books is 326.4 kg CO2e (from deforestation) and 182.52 kg CO2e (production process)
Please see the calculation below
A. CARBON EMISSION FROM READING 100 BOOKS ON IPAD
- Carbon Emission to Read 100 books on Ipad (From Electricity Use): 1.49 kg CO2e
- Time Needed to Read 100 books: 40,000 minutes (see calculation below)
- Average reading speed: 300wpm[1]; Average word per page: 400words[2]
- Assuming one book is 300 pages, then the time needed to read 100 books:
(100 books x 300 pages x 400 words)/300wpm = 40,000 minutes
- Energy needed to read 100 books: 1.667 kwh (see calculation below)
Ipad uses 25 watt-hour lithium battery and Apple claims that it lasts up to 10 hours; Therefore, the energy use per one hours is 2.5 watt[3]
- Energy needed to read 100 books (which approximately done in 40,000 minutes) is:
(40,000 minutes/60 minutes) x 2.5 watt x 0.001 kwh = 1.667 kwh
- Emission conversion factor for Indonesia: 0.891kgCO2e/kwh[4]
- Carbon emission of energy use for Ipad to read 100 books:
1.667 kwh x 0.891 kgCO2e/kwh = 1.49 kg CO2e
- Carbon Emission Of Ipad (From Production, Transport & Recycling): 91 kg CO2e
- Apple's Ipad environmental report stated that the consumer use is 30% of total Ipad's emission of 130 kgCO2e – which means the total emission of Ipad from production, transport and recycling is:
70% x 130kgCO2e = 91 kgCO2e
B. CARBON EMISSION OF DEFORESTATION AND THE PRODUCTION OF 100 BOOKS
- Emission Of 100 Books (From Deforestation): 326.4 kg CO2e
- Assuming one book is 300 pages, then 100 books is 30,000 pages = 60 ream
- Since 1 ream = 12 pounds of CO2[5] ~ 5.44 kg CO2e[6]; then emission of 60 ream of pages is:
60 ream x 5.44 kg CO2e/ream = 326.4 kg CO2e
- Emission Of 100 Books (From Paper Production) : 182.52 kg CO2e
Weight of 100 books (equals to 60 ream of papers) =
60 ream x 2.6 kg/ream[7] = 156 kg
- Emission per ton paper produced according to Heinz study is 1.17 t CO2e; Thus, the emission of 156 kg of books is:
156 kg x 1.17 kgCO2e/kg paper = 182.52 kg CO2e
Sources:
[1] http://www.free-speed-reading.com/articles/what-is-the-average-reading-speed-of-americans
[2] http://www.writersservices.com/wps/p_word_count.htm
[3] http://darrenyates.com.au/2010/04/qa-whats-the-ipads-power-consumption/1718
[4] Surat Menteri ESDM no 3783/21/600.5/2008
[5] http://www.greenpdf.com/graphics/TheGreenPDFRevolution.pdf
[6] http://www.convertunits.com/from/lb/to/kg
[7] http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/climate-change/carbon-management/Worksheet_4-Paper.pdf
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